Diseases 
Hiatal Hernia
Hiatal hernia
This is a naturally occurring defect in the diaphragm (muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest) that allows the esophagus to enter the abdominal cavity. Sometimes this opening enlarges and the gastroesophageal junction and stomach may move from the abdomen into the chest, causing a hiatal hernia. These hernias are typically classified into four types (I through IV) that approximately correspond to the degree of herniation of the stomach, and at times other organs, into the chest cavity. The goals of surgical treatment are to move the stomach and other organs back into the abdominal cavity, close the hernia defect, perform an anti-reflux procedure (to recreate the lower esophageal sphincter), and to fix the stomach in the abdomen.
