Program Goals 
Pediatric Cardiac
Pediatric Cardiac I (3 months)
- Development of basic cardiac surgical skills in pediatric patients, including but not limited to the ability to open and close the chest, insert and manage invasive monitoring and infusion catheters, cannulate the heart and great vessels, and establish cardiopulmonary bypass.
- A detailed working knowledge of the physiology and mechanics of cardiopulmonary bypass and the logistics of the bypass pump with respect to the neonatal and pediatric patient.
- Development of pediatric intensive care management skills.
- Development of management skills for ECMO and cardiac transplant recipients.
- Ability to interpret pediatric angiographic and echocardiographic studies.
- Ability to succinctly present patient problems and review and present salient journal articles in a cogent and discriminatory manner.
- Modification of the educational routine, to include reading appropriate textbooks, specialty journals, and use of audiovisual educational material relating to congenital heart disease on a regular basis, as well as the ability to critique one's own fund of knowledge and identify areas in need of improvement.
- The ability to explain cardiothoracic pathology and the details of perioperative management to parents of sick children in an understandable, compassionate manner.
- The ability to critically assess the risk-benefit and cost effectiveness of various diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
- The maintenance of the highest degree of professionalism and ethical standards in the care of patients and families and in interactions with colleagues and other hospital staff.
Pediatric Cardiac II (3 months)
- Performance of basic pediatric cardiac procedures such as, ASD closure, PDA repair, etc.
- Management of congenital heart disease both preoperatively and postoperatively.
- Understanding of the anatomy and physiology of congenital heart disease.
- Ability to interpret echocardiograms, both pediatrics and adult.
- Further development of the skills learned in Pediatric Cardiac I.
- Ability to succinctly present patient problems and review and present salient journal articles in a cogent and discriminatory manner.
- Administrative responsibility for on-call schedule.
- Further refinement of the fund of knowledge, through reading of appropriate textbooks, specialty journals, and use of audiovisual educational material, toward preparation for board exams in congenital heart disease, and identification of areas in need of improvement.
- The ability to explain cardiothoracic pathology and the details of perioperative management to parents of sick children in an understandable, compassionate manner.
- The ability to critically assess the risk-benefit and cost effectiveness of various diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
- The maintenance of the highest degree of professionalism and ethical standards in the care of patients and families and in interactions with colleagues and other hospital staff.
- Refinement of adult cardiac surgical skills, supervisory management of preoperative, postoperative, and intensive patient care.
- Responsibility for the assessment and management of all ward patients, under the direct supervision of the ward cardiac surgical attending.
- Special focus on cardiac and pulmonary transplantation, LVADs, aortic surgery and valve surgery.
- Ability to succinctly present patient problems and review and present salient journal articles in a cogent and discriminatory manner.
- Resident teaching.
- Development of patient presentation and public speaking skills.
- Participation in clinical study designs and implementation.
- Administrative responsibility for allocation of operating room manpower, grand rounds, and resident teaching conferences.
